// MIT License
//
// Copyright (c) 2024-2025 ROCm Developer Tools
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
// SOFTWARE.

// undefine NDEBUG so asserts are implemented
#ifdef NDEBUG
#    undef NDEBUG
#endif

#include "pcs.hpp"
#include "address_translation.hpp"
#include "codeobj.hpp"
#include "external_cid.hpp"
#include "utils.hpp"

#include <cassert>
#include <cstdio>
#include <iomanip>
#include <memory>
#include <sstream>
#include <unordered_set>

namespace client
{
namespace pcs
{
namespace
{
constexpr int    MAX_FAILURES      = 10;
constexpr size_t BUFFER_SIZE_BYTES = 65536;  // 64 KiB
constexpr size_t WATERMARK         = (BUFFER_SIZE_BYTES / 4);

struct tool_agent_info;
using avail_configs_vec_t         = std::vector<rocprofiler_pc_sampling_configuration_t>;
using tool_agent_info_vec_t       = std::vector<std::unique_ptr<tool_agent_info>>;
using pc_sampling_buffer_id_vec_t = std::vector<rocprofiler_buffer_id_t>;

namespace
{
constexpr uint64_t stochastic_interval = 1048576;  // 2 ^ 20 cycles
}  // namespace

struct tool_agent_info
{
    rocprofiler_agent_id_t               agent_id;
    std::unique_ptr<avail_configs_vec_t> avail_configs;
    const rocprofiler_agent_t*           agent;
};

struct PCSampler
{
private:
    using code_object_id_t     = uint64_t;
    using code_object_id_set_t = std::unordered_set<code_object_id_t>;

public:
    PCSampler() = default;

    ~PCSampler()
    {
        // Assert that `active_code_objects` is empty.
        // For more information, refer to the comments above.
        assert(active_code_objects.empty());
        // Clear the data
        buffer_ids.clear();
    }

    // GPU agents supporting PC sampling
    tool_agent_info_vec_t gpu_agents = {};
    // ROCProfiler-SDK PC sampling buffers
    pc_sampling_buffer_id_vec_t buffer_ids = {};
    // The set that keeps track of reported code object loading/unloading events.
    // At the end of the test, the sets needs to be empty.
    // Namely, each loading event will insert a code object id into the set,
    // while each unloading event will delete a code ojbect id from the set.
    code_object_id_set_t active_code_objects = {};
};

// The reason for using raw pointers is the following.
// Sometimes, statically created objects of the client::pcs
// namespace might be freed prior to the `tool_fini`,
// meaning objects of `pcs` namespace become unusable inside `tool_fini`.
// Instead, use raw pointers to control objects deallocation time.
PCSampler* pc_sampler = nullptr;

// forward declaration
bool
query_avail_configs_for_agent(tool_agent_info* agent_info);

rocprofiler_status_t
find_all_gpu_agents_supporting_pc_sampling_impl(rocprofiler_agent_version_t version,
                                                const void**                agents,
                                                size_t                      num_agents,
                                                void*                       user_data)
{
    assert(version == ROCPROFILER_AGENT_INFO_VERSION_0);
    // user_data represent the pointer to the array where gpu_agent will be stored
    if(!user_data) return ROCPROFILER_STATUS_ERROR;

    std::stringstream ss;

    auto* _out_agents = static_cast<tool_agent_info_vec_t*>(user_data);
    auto* _agents     = reinterpret_cast<const rocprofiler_agent_t**>(agents);
    for(size_t i = 0; i < num_agents; i++)
    {
        if(_agents[i]->type == ROCPROFILER_AGENT_TYPE_GPU)
        {
            // Instantiate the tool_agent_info.
            // Store pointer to the rocprofiler_agent_t and instatiate a vector of
            // available configurations.
            // Move the ownership to the _out_agents
            auto tool_gpu_agent           = std::make_unique<tool_agent_info>();
            tool_gpu_agent->agent_id      = _agents[i]->id;
            tool_gpu_agent->avail_configs = std::make_unique<avail_configs_vec_t>();
            tool_gpu_agent->agent         = _agents[i];
            // Check if the GPU agent supports PC sampling. If so, add it to the
            // output list `_out_agents`.
            if(query_avail_configs_for_agent(tool_gpu_agent.get()))
                _out_agents->push_back(std::move(tool_gpu_agent));
        }

        ss << "[" << __FUNCTION__ << "] " << _agents[i]->name << " :: "
           << "id=" << _agents[i]->id.handle << ", "
           << "type=" << _agents[i]->type << "\n";
    }

    *utils::get_output_stream() << ss.str() << "\n";

    return ROCPROFILER_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

void
find_all_gpu_agents_supporting_pc_sampling()
{
    // This function returns the all gpu agents supporting some kind of PC sampling
    ROCPROFILER_CALL(
        rocprofiler_query_available_agents(ROCPROFILER_AGENT_INFO_VERSION_0,
                                           &find_all_gpu_agents_supporting_pc_sampling_impl,
                                           sizeof(rocprofiler_agent_t),
                                           static_cast<void*>(&pc_sampler->gpu_agents)),
        "Failed to find GPU agents");
}

/**
 * @brief The function queries available PC sampling configurations.
 * If there is at least one available configuration, it returns true.
 * Otherwise, this function returns false to indicate the agent does
 * not support PC sampling.
 */
bool
query_avail_configs_for_agent(tool_agent_info* agent_info)
{
    // Clear the available configurations vector
    agent_info->avail_configs->clear();

    auto cb = [](const rocprofiler_pc_sampling_configuration_t* configs,
                 size_t                                         num_config,
                 void*                                          user_data) {
        auto* avail_configs = static_cast<avail_configs_vec_t*>(user_data);
        for(size_t i = 0; i < num_config; i++)
        {
            avail_configs->emplace_back(configs[i]);
        }
        return ROCPROFILER_STATUS_SUCCESS;
    };

    auto status = rocprofiler_query_pc_sampling_agent_configurations(
        agent_info->agent_id, cb, agent_info->avail_configs.get());

    std::stringstream ss;

    if(status != ROCPROFILER_STATUS_SUCCESS)
    {
        // The query operation failed, so consider the PC sampling is unsupported at the agent.
        // This can happen if the PC sampling service is invoked within the ROCgdb.
        ss << "Querying PC sampling capabilities failed with status: " << status << "\n";
        *utils::get_output_stream() << ss.str() << "\n";
        return false;
    }
    else if(agent_info->avail_configs->size() == 0)
    {
        // No available configuration at the moment, so mark the PC sampling as unsupported.
        return false;
    }

    ss << "The agent with the id: " << agent_info->agent_id.handle << " supports the "
       << agent_info->avail_configs->size() << " configurations: "
       << "\n";
    size_t ind = 0;
    for(auto& cfg : *agent_info->avail_configs)
    {
        ss << "(" << ++ind << ".) "
           << "method: " << cfg.method << ", "
           << "unit: " << cfg.unit << ", "
           << "min_interval: " << cfg.min_interval << ", "
           << "max_interval: " << cfg.max_interval << ", "
           << "flags: " << std::hex << cfg.flags << std::dec
           << ((cfg.flags == ROCPROFILER_PC_SAMPLING_CONFIGURATION_FLAGS_INTERVAL_POW2)
                   ? " (an interval value must be power of 2)"
                   : "")
           << "\n";
    }

    *utils::get_output_stream() << ss.str() << std::flush;

    return true;
}

void
configure_pc_sampling_prefer_stochastic(tool_agent_info*         agent_info,
                                        rocprofiler_context_id_t context_id,
                                        rocprofiler_buffer_id_t  buffer_id)
{
    auto   stochastic_picked = false;
    int    failures          = MAX_FAILURES;
    size_t interval          = 0;
    do
    {
        // Update the list of available configurations
        auto success = query_avail_configs_for_agent(agent_info);
        if(!success)
        {
            // An error occured while querying PC sampling capabilities,
            // so avoid trying configuring PC sampling service.
            // Instead return false to indicated a failure.
            ROCPROFILER_CALL(ROCPROFILER_STATUS_ERROR,
                             "Could not configuring PC sampling service due to failure with query "
                             "capabilities.");
        }

        const rocprofiler_pc_sampling_configuration_t* first_host_trap_config  = nullptr;
        const rocprofiler_pc_sampling_configuration_t* first_stochastic_config = nullptr;
        // Search until encountering on the stochastic configuration, if any.
        // Otherwise, use the host trap config
        for(auto const& cfg : *agent_info->avail_configs)
        {
            if(cfg.method == ROCPROFILER_PC_SAMPLING_METHOD_STOCHASTIC)
            {
                first_stochastic_config = &cfg;
                stochastic_picked       = true;
                break;
            }
            else if(!first_host_trap_config &&
                    cfg.method == ROCPROFILER_PC_SAMPLING_METHOD_HOST_TRAP)
            {
                first_host_trap_config = &cfg;
            }
        }

        // Check if the stochastic config is found. Use host trap config otherwise.
        const rocprofiler_pc_sampling_configuration_t* picked_cfg =
            (first_stochastic_config != nullptr) ? first_stochastic_config : first_host_trap_config;

        interval = (stochastic_picked) ? stochastic_interval : picked_cfg->min_interval;

        auto status = rocprofiler_configure_pc_sampling_service(context_id,
                                                                agent_info->agent_id,
                                                                picked_cfg->method,
                                                                picked_cfg->unit,
                                                                interval,
                                                                buffer_id,
                                                                0);
        if(status == ROCPROFILER_STATUS_SUCCESS)
        {
            *utils::get_output_stream()
                << ">>> We chose " << (stochastic_picked ? "stochastic" : "Host-Trap")
                << " PC sampling with the interval: " << interval << " "
                << (stochastic_picked ? "clock-cycles" : "micro seconds")
                << " on the agent: " << agent_info->agent->id.handle << "\n";
            return;
        }
        else if(status != ROCPROFILER_STATUS_ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE)
        {
            ROCPROFILER_CALL(status, "Failed to configure PC sampling");
        }
        // status ==  ROCPROFILER_STATUS_ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE
        // means another process P2 already configured PC sampling.
        // Query available configurations again and receive the configurations picked by P2.
        // However, if P2 destroys PC sampling service after query function finished,
        // but before the `rocprofiler_configure_pc_sampling_service` is called,
        // then the `rocprofiler_configure_pc_sampling_service` will fail again.
        // The process P1 executing this loop can spin wait (starve) if it is unlucky enough
        // to always be interuppted by some other process P2 that creates/destroys
        // PC sampling service on the same device while P1 is executing the code
        // after the `query_avail_configs_for_agent` and
        // before the `rocprofiler_configure_pc_sampling_service`.
        // This should happen very rarely, but just to be sure, we introduce a counter `failures`
        // that will allow certain amount of failures to process P1.
    } while(--failures);

    // The process failed too many times configuring PC sampling,
    // report this to user;
    ROCPROFILER_CALL(ROCPROFILER_STATUS_ERROR,
                     "Failed too many times configuring PC sampling service");
}

template <typename PcSamplingRecordT>
void
print_sample_common_fields(std::ostream& os, const PcSamplingRecordT* pc_sample)
{
    os << "(code_obj_id, offset): (" << pc_sample->pc.code_object_id << ", 0x" << std::hex
       << pc_sample->pc.code_object_offset << "), "
       << "timestamp: " << std::dec << pc_sample->timestamp << ", "
       << "exec: " << std::hex << std::setw(16) << pc_sample->exec_mask << ", "
       << "workgroup_id_(x=" << std::dec << std::setw(5) << pc_sample->workgroup_id.x << ", "
       << "y=" << std::setw(5) << pc_sample->workgroup_id.y << ", "
       << "z=" << std::setw(5) << pc_sample->workgroup_id.z << "), "
       << "wave_in_group: " << std::setw(2) << static_cast<unsigned int>(pc_sample->wave_in_group)
       << ", "
       << "chiplet: " << std::setw(2) << static_cast<unsigned int>(pc_sample->hw_id.chiplet) << ", "
       << "shader engine: " << std::setw(2)
       << static_cast<unsigned int>(pc_sample->hw_id.shader_engine_id) << ", "
       << "shader array: " << std::setw(2)
       << static_cast<unsigned int>(pc_sample->hw_id.shader_array_id) << ", "
       << "CU (WGP): " << std::setw(2) << static_cast<unsigned int>(pc_sample->hw_id.cu_or_wgp_id)
       << ", "
       << "wave slot: " << std::setw(2) << static_cast<unsigned int>(pc_sample->hw_id.wave_id)
       << ", "
       << "simd: " << std::setw(2) << static_cast<unsigned int>(pc_sample->hw_id.simd_id) << ", "
       << "dispatch_id: " << std::setw(7) << pc_sample->dispatch_id << ","
       << "correlation: {internal=" << std::setw(7) << pc_sample->correlation_id.internal << ", "
       << "external=" << std::setw(5) << pc_sample->correlation_id.external.value << "}, ";
}

void
print_sample(std::ostream& os, const rocprofiler_pc_sampling_record_host_trap_v0_t* sample)
{
    print_sample_common_fields(os, sample);
    os << "\n";
}

void
print_sample(std::ostream& os, const rocprofiler_pc_sampling_record_stochastic_v0_t* sample)
{
    print_sample_common_fields(os, sample);

    if(sample->wave_issued)
    {
        auto* inst_c_str = rocprofiler_get_pc_sampling_instruction_type_name(
            static_cast<rocprofiler_pc_sampling_instruction_type_t>(sample->inst_type));
        utils::pcs_assert(inst_c_str != nullptr, "Invalid instruction type");
        os << "wave issued " << std::string(inst_c_str) << " instruction, ";
    }
    else
    {
        auto* reason_c_str = rocprofiler_get_pc_sampling_instruction_not_issued_reason_name(
            static_cast<rocprofiler_pc_sampling_instruction_not_issued_reason_t>(
                sample->snapshot.reason_not_issued));
        utils::pcs_assert(reason_c_str != nullptr, "Invalid not issued reason");
        os << "wave is stalled due to: " << std::string(reason_c_str) << " reason, ";
    }

    auto snapshot = sample->snapshot;
    os << "two VALU instructions issued: " << static_cast<unsigned int>(snapshot.dual_issue_valu)
       << ", ";

    os << "arbiter state: {pipe issued: ("
       << "VALU: " << static_cast<unsigned int>(snapshot.arb_state_issue_valu) << ", "
       << "MATRIX: " << static_cast<unsigned int>(snapshot.arb_state_issue_matrix) << ", "
       << "LDS: " << static_cast<unsigned int>(snapshot.arb_state_issue_lds) << ", "
       << "LDS_DIRECT: " << static_cast<unsigned int>(snapshot.arb_state_issue_lds_direct) << ", "
       << "SCALAR: " << static_cast<unsigned int>(snapshot.arb_state_issue_scalar) << ", "
       << "TEX: " << static_cast<unsigned int>(snapshot.arb_state_issue_vmem_tex) << ", "
       << "FLAT: " << static_cast<unsigned int>(snapshot.arb_state_issue_flat) << ", "
       << "EXPORT: " << static_cast<unsigned int>(snapshot.arb_state_issue_exp) << ", "
       << "MISC: " << static_cast<unsigned int>(snapshot.arb_state_issue_misc) << "), "
       << "pipe stalled: ("
       << "VALU: " << static_cast<unsigned int>(snapshot.arb_state_stall_valu) << ", "
       << "MATRIX: " << static_cast<unsigned int>(snapshot.arb_state_stall_matrix) << ", "
       << "LDS: " << static_cast<unsigned int>(snapshot.arb_state_stall_lds) << ", "
       << "LDS_DIRECT: " << static_cast<unsigned int>(snapshot.arb_state_stall_lds_direct) << ", "
       << "SCALAR: " << static_cast<unsigned int>(snapshot.arb_state_stall_scalar) << ", "
       << "TEX: " << static_cast<unsigned int>(snapshot.arb_state_stall_vmem_tex) << ", "
       << "FLAT: " << static_cast<unsigned int>(snapshot.arb_state_stall_flat) << ", "
       << "EXPORT: " << static_cast<unsigned int>(snapshot.arb_state_stall_exp) << ", "
       << "MISC: " << static_cast<unsigned int>(snapshot.arb_state_stall_misc) << ")}";

    os << "\n";
}

template <typename PcSamplingRecordT>
static inline void
process_sample(const PcSamplingRecordT*                      pc_sample,
               address_translation::CodeobjAddressTranslate& translator,
               address_translation::FlatProfile&             flat_profile)
{
    // Ignore samples from blit kernels or self-modifying code.
    if(pc_sample->correlation_id.internal == ROCPROFILER_CORRELATION_ID_INTERNAL_NONE) return;

    auto corr_id = pc_sample->correlation_id;
    // Internal correlation IDs are generated by the ROCProfiler-SDK for
    // kernel dispatches only. Similarly, the test tool generate external
    // correlation IDs for the kernel dispatches only.
    // Thus, we should expect them to be equal.
    assert(corr_id.internal == corr_id.external.value);
    assert(corr_id.external.value > 0);

    // Decoding the PC
    auto inst = translator.get(pc_sample->pc.code_object_id, pc_sample->pc.code_object_offset);
    flat_profile.add_sample(std::move(inst), pc_sample->exec_mask);

    // TODO: introduce checks specific to stochastic sampling
    // TODO: print an instruction inside print_sample
}

void
rocprofiler_pc_sampling_callback(rocprofiler_context_id_t /*context_id*/,
                                 rocprofiler_buffer_id_t /*buffer_id*/,
                                 rocprofiler_record_header_t** headers,
                                 size_t                        num_headers,
                                 void* /*data*/,
                                 uint64_t drop_count)
{
    std::stringstream ss;
    ss << "The number of delivered samples is: " << num_headers << ", "
       << "while the number of dropped samples is: " << drop_count << "\n";

    auto& flat_profile = client::address_translation::get_flat_profile();
    auto& translator   = client::address_translation::get_address_translator();
    auto& global_mut   = address_translation::get_global_mutex();

    {
        auto lock = std::unique_lock{global_mut};

        for(size_t i = 0; i < num_headers; i++)
        {
            auto* cur_header = headers[i];

            if(cur_header == nullptr)
            {
                throw std::runtime_error{
                    "rocprofiler provided a null pointer to header. this should never happen"};
            }
            else if(cur_header->hash !=
                    rocprofiler_record_header_compute_hash(cur_header->category, cur_header->kind))
            {
                throw std::runtime_error{"rocprofiler_record_header_t (category | kind) != hash"};
            }
            else if(cur_header->category == ROCPROFILER_BUFFER_CATEGORY_PC_SAMPLING)
            {
                if(cur_header->kind == ROCPROFILER_PC_SAMPLING_RECORD_HOST_TRAP_V0_SAMPLE)
                {
                    auto* pc_sample = static_cast<rocprofiler_pc_sampling_record_host_trap_v0_t*>(
                        cur_header->payload);
                    print_sample(ss, pc_sample);
                    process_sample(pc_sample, translator, flat_profile);
                }
                else if(cur_header->kind == ROCPROFILER_PC_SAMPLING_RECORD_STOCHASTIC_V0_SAMPLE)
                {
                    auto* pc_sample = static_cast<rocprofiler_pc_sampling_record_stochastic_v0_t*>(
                        cur_header->payload);
                    print_sample(ss, pc_sample);
                    process_sample(pc_sample, translator, flat_profile);
                }
                else if(cur_header->kind == ROCPROFILER_PC_SAMPLING_RECORD_INVALID_SAMPLE)
                {
                    // tracking number of invalid samples
                    flat_profile.add_invalid_sample();
                }
                else
                {
                    std::cerr << "Unexpected kind of PC sampling record: " << cur_header->kind
                              << "\n";
                    exit(-1);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                throw std::runtime_error{"unexpected rocprofiler_record_header_t category + kind"};
            }
        }

        // TODO: do we need some sync here?
        *utils::get_output_stream() << ss.str() << "\n";
    }
}
}  // namespace

void
init()
{
    pc_sampler = new PCSampler();
}

void
fini()
{
    delete pc_sampler;
    pc_sampler = nullptr;
}

void
configure_pc_sampling_on_all_agents(rocprofiler_context_id_t context)
{
    find_all_gpu_agents_supporting_pc_sampling();

    if(pc_sampler->gpu_agents.empty())
    {
        *utils::get_output_stream() << "No availabe gpu agents supporting PC sampling"
                                    << "\n";
        // Emit the message to skip the test.
        std::cerr << "PC sampling unavailable"
                  << "\n";
        // Exit with no error if none of the GPUs support PC sampling.
        exit(0);
    }

    auto& buff_ids_vec = pc_sampler->buffer_ids;

    for(auto& gpu_agent : pc_sampler->gpu_agents)
    {
        // creating a buffer that will hold pc sampling information
        rocprofiler_buffer_policy_t drop_buffer_action = ROCPROFILER_BUFFER_POLICY_LOSSLESS;
        auto                        buffer_id          = rocprofiler_buffer_id_t{};
        ROCPROFILER_CALL(rocprofiler_create_buffer(context,
                                                   client::pcs::BUFFER_SIZE_BYTES,
                                                   client::pcs::WATERMARK,
                                                   drop_buffer_action,
                                                   client::pcs::rocprofiler_pc_sampling_callback,
                                                   nullptr,
                                                   &buffer_id),
                         "Cannot create pc sampling buffer");

        client::pcs::configure_pc_sampling_prefer_stochastic(gpu_agent.get(), context, buffer_id);

        // One helper thread per GPU agent's buffer.
        auto client_agent_thread = rocprofiler_callback_thread_t{};
        ROCPROFILER_CALL(rocprofiler_create_callback_thread(&client_agent_thread),
                         "failure creating callback thread");

        ROCPROFILER_CALL(rocprofiler_assign_callback_thread(buffer_id, client_agent_thread),
                         "failed to assign thread for buffer");

        buff_ids_vec.emplace_back(buffer_id);
    }
}

void
flush_buffers()
{
    // Flush rocproifler-SDK's buffers containing PC samples.
    for(const auto& buff_id : pc_sampler->buffer_ids)
    {
        // Flush the buffer explicitly
        ROCPROFILER_CALL(rocprofiler_flush_buffer(buff_id), "Failure flushing buffer");
    }
}

void
flush_and_destroy_buffers()
{
    for(const auto& buff_id : pc_sampler->buffer_ids)
    {
        // Flush the buffer explicitly
        ROCPROFILER_CALL(rocprofiler_flush_buffer(buff_id), "Failure flushing buffer");
        // Destroying the buffer
        rocprofiler_status_t status = rocprofiler_destroy_buffer(buff_id);
        if(status == ROCPROFILER_STATUS_ERROR_BUFFER_BUSY)
        {
            *utils::get_output_stream()
                << "The buffer is busy, so we cannot destroy it at the moment."
                << "\n";
        }
        else
        {
            ROCPROFILER_CALL(status, "Cannot destroy buffer");
        }
    }
}
}  // namespace pcs
}  // namespace client
